张爱茜,刘景富,景传勇,郭良宏,郑明辉.化学通报,2014,77(7):654-659. |
我国环境化学研究新进展 |
Latest Progresses in Environmental Chemistry in China |
投稿时间:2014-04-24 修订日期:2014-04-24 |
DOI: |
中文关键词: 环境化学 新型污染物;纳米材料 环境与健康 |
英文关键词:Environmental chemistry Emerging contaminants Nanomaterials Environment and health |
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中文摘要: |
因环境问题复杂性而产生的学科交叉特性既是环境化学的特色,又是学科生长点。2010年以来,新型污染物和纳米材料的污染问题以及化学污染导致的健康影响日益引起关注,环境化学的研究范围亦随着实际问题的出现而延展,新型污染物种类持续上升。继2010年首次在氟化工厂环境中发现并报道了新型持久性有机污染物全氟碘烷的存在,2011年又基于效应分析成功甄别了一种具有神经毒性的新型溴代污染物,标志着我国在污染物研究方面已从全面跟踪国外研究到部分引领方向转化。继青藏高原环境介质污染物归趋行为研究之后的极地环境科学考察进一步将视野着眼于全球尺度环境问题的解决。得益于上海光源等一批大科学装置的建成,污染物环境界面行为探索已达到分子水平。在纳米材料广泛应用所引发的纳米污染层面,其形成、转化和环境归趋行为的研究亦取得突破。污染生态化学研究方面,借助于先进的表面等离子体共振和理论模拟等先进手段,在污染物与生物大分子相互作用探索和联合毒性机制研究上取得了显著进步,环境与健康开始受到广泛关注。这些成果极大丰富了学科内涵,为学科今后的发展奠定了坚实基础。 |
英文摘要: |
Environmental chemistry was born with its interdisciplinary nature resulting from the complexity of environmental issues. Such multidisciplinary characteristics are continuously introducing vigorous growing points to the field. Both health effects of chemical pollutants and potential hazard of emerging contaminants and nanomaterials have raised concern since 2010, and the scope of environmental chemistry has been extended with it. Simultaneously, number of emerging contaminants continues to rise as well. After reporting presence and partitioning behavior of polyfluorinated iodine alkanes in environmental matrices around a fluorochemical manufacturing plant in 2010, Chinese scientists have successfully identified a new persistent organic pollutant or potential precursor tetrabromobisphenol A diallyl ether as an emerging neuronal toxicant in environmental samples by bioassay directed analysis, which marked the beginning of a new era in which Chinese scientists play the leading role in the study of emerging contaminants. Active involvement in polar science and environmental exploration in Tibet leads extending our research to global scale. Under the help of large-scale scientific facilities such as Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility it has become possible to carry out mechanism study on micro-interfacial environment on molecular level. Besides, breakthroughs have also been made in elucidating environmental formation, behavior and fate of nanoparticles. Various advanced methods such as surface plasma resonance and theoretical simulation have been adopted to resolve the molecular interaction between pollutants and biomacromolecules and the toxicity mechanism of chemical mixtures. Such has enriched the content of the discipline and built a solid foundation for further development. |
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