何涓.化学通报,2016,79(7):667-670,666.
中文化学名词烷、烯、炔之由来*
The History of the Chinese Chemical Terms wan烷, xi烯 and que炔
投稿时间:2016-02-22  修订日期:2016-02-22
DOI:
中文关键词:    烯 炔  化学命名 名词
英文关键词:Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, chemical  nomenclature, terms
基金项目:中国科学院科学技术史青年人才研教特别支持项目
作者单位E-mail
何涓* 中国科学院大学人文学院 hejuanpku@163.com 
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中文摘要:
      1932年教育部颁布的《化学命名原则》为中文化学名词确立了统一的标准,其制定的许多名词一直沿用至今。《原则》对于“元素及化合物定名取字”提出“取字应以谐声为主,会意次之,不重象形”的定名总则,并据此拟定了大量全新的音译名称,如苯、萘、蒽、菲等。它所确立的三个名词烷、烯、炔却是旧有意译名,看似与其音译为主的命名原则相悖。本文讨论了烷、烯、炔的各种历史译名,对三者为何被《原则》采纳作出了合理的解释。
英文摘要:
      The Nomenclature of Chemistry approved in 1932 by the Ministry of Education established unified standard for Chinese chemical terms. The majority of its names are in use today. For the choice of characters in naming chemical elements and compounds, the Nomenclature proposed the general principle that “phonograms are preferred, associative characters second, and pictographic characters are not valued”. According to this rule, it created many brand-new pictophonetic terms such as ben(苯), nai(萘), en(蒽) and fei(菲). However, the three former names it adopted wan(烷), xi(烯) and que(炔)are ideographic, which seems to run counter to the principle. This paper discusses various historical translated terms for wan, xi and que, and explains reasonably why these three words were accepted by the Nomenclature.
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