许琳,王海水.化学通报,2017,80(11):1077-1079. |
估算一元弱酸溶液pH的近似式及约束条件 |
The constraints for estimating the pH of a weak monoprotic acid solution |
投稿时间:2017-03-11 修订日期:2017-08-21 |
DOI: |
中文关键词: 一元弱酸 pH 近似计算 约束条件 物理意义 |
英文关键词:Weak monoprotic acid pH Approximation calculation Constraint Physical meaning |
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(21773072) |
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中文摘要: |
利用一元二次方程估算一元弱酸溶液的[H+]是化学分析工作者经常采用的方法。酸的离解常数Ka和浓度c的数值相对大小和其乘积cKa是获得各种近似式的关键因素。本文通过实例计算归纳出了如下结论: 1)当cKa?10Kw时,可忽略水的离解,则 ,并首次指出了cKa?10Kw判据的边界条件为c?6?10-6 mol?L-1; 2)当Ka?19c时,弱酸可做强酸处理,通常情况下有 。对较强弱酸的稀溶液,该近似式有重要应用价值。3)当满足c?105Ka 时,可忽略弱酸的离解,即认为[HA]?c, 则 。实际上, c?6?10-6 mol?L-1的弱酸溶液,都可用近似式获得令人满意的pH计算结果。 |
英文摘要: |
It is a routine work to determine the pH of a weak monoprotic acid in analytical chemistry. Based on the concentration (c) and dissociation constant (Ka) of a weak monoprotic acid, its pH value can be estimated by a quadratic equation. In this paper, we evaluate the working conditions of the equation for pH determination and reach the following conclusions. 1) In general, the pH of all monoprotic acid solutions can be obtained approximately if their concentrations are higher than 6?10-6 mol?L-1. If cKa?10Kw, then . if cKa?10Kw,then . 2) if Ka?19c, then . 3)if c?105Ka, then ;Moreover, the physical meanings of the above equations were also given in this paper. |
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