| 邵利民.化学通报,2020,83(10):951-954. |
| 数值误差对能斯特方程计算结果的影响 |
| Effect of Numerical Error on Results of The Nernst Equation |
| 投稿时间：2020-04-29 修订日期：2020-05-30 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 能斯特方程 误差传递 数值误差 |
| 英文关键词:Nernst equation Propagation of error Universal solution |
| 基金项目:安徽省重点教学研究项目（2017jyxm0028）资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 电势和浓度通过能斯特方程相互计算时，计算结果受对方数值误差的影响。本文通过误差传递和实例研究了这种影响。结果表明，浓度误差对电势计算值的影响小，而电势误差对浓度计算值的影响大；这种现象在电子转移数较多、电势较大时更加显著。浓度为计算目标时需要重视数值误差的影响，所以代入能斯特方程的电势值应该有足够精度，或者避免使用能斯特方程，而是通过平衡常数进行计算。电势为计算目标时，浓度误差的影响较小，因此可以通过近似手段估算浓度，然后代入能斯特方程，既简化计算，又保证精度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Using the Nernst equation for calculations between potential and concentration, the results of one quantity are affected by the numerical error of the other. Such effect is investigated with the propagation of error and examples. Results showed that the effect of concentration error on the calculated potential is small, whereas the effect of potential error on the calculated concentration is relatively high. This phenomenon is more significant in the case of high potentials or large number of transferred electrons in the half reaction. When concentrations are the target of calculation, high-precision potentials should be used in the Nernst equation, or the equilibrium constant is used for the calculation instead of the Nernst equation. When potentials are the target of calculation, the effect of concentration error is relatively slight, so approximate concentrations are often sufficient to yield accurate potentials, which makes approximation a convenient and effective means in such calculations. |
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