| 栗嘉琪,刘丹,雷家珩.化学通报,2023,86(11):1282-1292. |
| 硅溶胶改性及其应用研究进展 |
| Research progress in modification and application of silica sol |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-05 修订日期：2023-06-18 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 硅溶胶 二氧化硅纳米颗粒 应用 表面改性 |
| 英文关键词:Silica sol , Silica nanoparticles , Application , Surface modification |
| 基金项目:分级多孔负载离子液体-杂多酸催化剂的自组装制备及其氧化脱硫耦合效应 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 二氧化硅（SiO2）在自然界中通常为晶态，而以溶胶-凝胶、水热、模板剂等方法人备的二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiO2 NPs）通常为无定型态。无定型SiO2 NPs广泛应用于航空航天、催化剂载体、靶向送药、催化剂载体等众多高端领域。虽然生产SiO2 NPs的方法很多，但制备结构、形貌简单的SiO2 NPs的主要生产方式为离子交换法、硅醇盐水解法、单质硅粉水解法，通过上述方法可制备粒径在10-800 nm的单分散SiO2 NPs，同时可根据生产条件控制粒子的单分散性与粒径大小。目前，寻找一种成本低廉且成品单分散性好、粒径可控的生产方法成为目前研究的热点。本文简介了SiO2 NPs的结构形貌基础性质、生产方法和最佳合成条件，总结了各方法的优缺点与适用领域。文章后半段介绍了近年来SiO2 NPs的改性与应用，最后在此基础上就合成硅溶胶存在的挑战与未来需要解决的问题进行了展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is usually crystalline in nature, while silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) prepared by sol-gel, hydrothermal and template are usually amorphous. Amorphous SiO2 NPs is widely used in aerospace, catalyst carrier, targeted drug delivery, catalyst carrier and many other high-end fields. Although there are many methods to produce SiO2 NPs, the main methods to prepare SiO2 NPs with simple structure and morphology are ion exchange method, silanol hydrolysis method and simple silicon powder hydrolysis method. Monodisperse SiO2 NPs with particle size of 10 ~ 800 nm can be prepared by the above methods, and the monodispersity and particle size of particles can be controlled according to production conditions. At present, finding a production method with low cost, good monodispersity and controllable particle size has become a hot research topic. In this paper, the structure, morphology, basic properties, production methods and optimum synthesis conditions of SiO2 NPs are briefly introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages and application fields of each method are summarized. In the second half of the article, the modification and application of SiO2 NPs in recent years are introduced. Finally, on this basis, the challenges and problems to be solved in the future are prospected. |
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