| 王对雨,陈要平,杨科,张丽娜,李昭静,周家豪.化学通报,2024,87(1):67-77. |
| 基于煤气化渣特性的环境功能材料制备与应用研究进展 |
| ResearchProgressinthePreparationandApplicationofEnvironmentalFunctionalMaterialsBasedonthePropertiesofCoalGasificationSlag |
| 投稿时间：2023-06-03 修订日期：2023-07-06 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 煤气化渣 介孔二氧化硅 分子筛 水体修复 土壤改良 催化剂 吸附机理 |
| 英文关键词:coal gasification slag, mesoporous silica, molecular sieve, Water remediation, soil amendment, catalyst,adsorption mechanism |
| 基金项目:中国工程院重大咨询项目(2020SX5)、合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院科研项目(21KZS217)和安徽高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-017)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着煤气化技术的兴起，煤气化渣（CGS）的产生量和堆存量越来越大，逐渐成为煤化工基地亟需解决的问题。CGS是一种廉价易得的工业废物，因其富含SiO2、Al2O3、残余炭以及矿质营养成分，且具有比表面积大、孔隙发达等特点，使得其在制备吸附剂（介孔二氧化硅、分子筛、陶瓷膜、混凝剂等）、土壤改良剂（土壤调节剂、堆肥、沙土改良等）、催化剂等领域存在天然优势。文中分析了气化渣的粒度分布、孔隙结构、化学矿物以及元素组成，归纳了CGS基介孔二氧化硅、分子筛及其复合材料的制备方法，重点阐述了CGS基多孔材料对重金属、有机染料、氨氮等污染物吸附性能，以及CGS应用于土壤调节剂、堆肥添加剂和沙土改良的研究进展。目前的研究表明，CGS在水体污染物吸附和土壤改良上具备一定优势，但其理化性质的差异性和重金属的生物有效性成为限制其利用的重要条件，并且复杂的工艺流程和较高的经济成本也是实现工业化的制约因素。为促进煤气化渣的资源化利用，需建立起CGS制备多孔吸附剂及其复合材料的信息库，以便不同产地的CGS有针对性的资源化利用。由于有机模板剂的加入，分子筛制备过程产生的废液废渣可能引起污染，应加强绿色合成分子筛的研究，探寻有效的非金属复合材料的制备方法，以减少环境污染的可能。此外，吸附剂应具备良好的再生性能，可将吸附、磁分离技术和解吸技术结合，通过嫁接、浸渍等技术将微生物或磁性Fe3O4负载与改性CGS上，实现CGS基复合材料的循环利用。使用生物、植物或化学技术降低CGS有害成分的生物有效性，从而减小CGS与沙土复配时二次污染的可能。为提高企业经济效益，未来研究中，应加强CGS的分级利用，实现其各自利用效益的最大化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the increasing amount of coal gasification slag (CGS) being generated and stockpiled, it is gradually becoming an urgent problem for the coal chemical base. CGS is rich in SiO2, Al2O3, residual carbon and mineral nutrients, and has a large specific surface area and well-developed pores, making it a natural advantage in the preparation of adsorbents (mesoporous silica, molecular sieves, ceramic membranes, coagulants, etc.), soil conditioners (soil conditioners, compost, sand improvement, etc.), catalysts, etc. The study analysed the particle size distribution, pore structure, chemical mineral composition and elements composition of coal gasification slag, and summarized the preparation of CGS-based mesoporous silica, molecular sieves and their composites, focuses on the adsorption performance of CGS-based porous materials for pollutants such as heavy metals, organic dyes, ammonia and nitrogen, and the progress of research on the application of CGS to soil conditioners, compost additives and sandy soil improvement. Study shows that CGS has advantages in water pollutant adsorption and soil improvement, but the variability of its physicochemical properties and the biological effectiveness of heavy metals become important conditions that limit its use. The complex process and high economic costs are also constraints to industrialization. In order to promote the resource utilization of coal gasification slag, an information base of porous adsorbents and their composites prepared by CGS needs to be established for the targeted resource utilization of CGS of different origins. Due to the addition of organic templating agent, the waste liquid and slag generated from the preparation of molecular sieve may cause pollution, and the research on green synthetic molecular sieve should be strengthened to explore effective methods for the preparation of non-metallic composites to reduce the possibility of environmental pollution. In addition, the adsorbent should have good regeneration performance and can combine adsorption, magnetic separation technology and desorption technology to load microorganisms or magnetic Fe3O4 with modified CGS through grafting and impregnation techniques to achieve recycling of CGS-based composites. Biological, phytological or chemical techniques are used to reduce the biological effectiveness of harmful components of CGS, thus reducing the potential for secondary contamination when CGS is compounded with sand. In order to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, future research should enhance the graded utilization of CGS to maximize the benefits of their respective utilization. |
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