| 夏欣欣,刘玉荣,岳园园.化学通报,2025,88(5):567-575. |
| 原子光谱分析的发展历程 |
| The development of atomic spectral analysis |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-02 修订日期：2024-12-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 原子光谱分析 发展历程 |
| 英文关键词:Atomic spectral analysis Development course |
| 基金项目:河南省基础教育教师发展研究创新团队项目(依托“U-G-S-T-S”学习共同体促进化学教师专业发展)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 原子光谱分析是很重要的元素分析法,广泛应用于我国环境监测、地质勘查等领域,作为仪器分析的典型代表,分析其发展历程可为研究其他仪器分析的发展路径和方向提供参考。经考证与分析,将其发展历程确定为五个阶段:牛顿光谱和夫琅禾费暗线的现象阶段、本生和基尔霍夫光谱分析仪的定性阶段、赛博和罗马金经验公式的定量阶段、原子光谱分析法层出不穷的发展阶段以及原子光谱分析法迭代更新的创新阶段。20世纪60年代前以原子发射光谱法为主,随后诞生原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法,特别是80年代诞生的电感耦合等离子体质谱法因其独特的优势发展成为广义的原子光谱分析法。各类分析法诞生后,随着样品前处理技术、联用技术、激发光源等的发展,其检测对象、检测技术、检测仪器、检测结果分别朝着痕量化、联用化、小型化、精细化方向发展,拓宽了研究领域,成为普适性更强的分析方法。原子光谱分析的发展经历了从现象到本质、宏观到微观、定性到定量、单一到多元、粗略到精确的转变,是历代科学家们探索创新和仪器技术迭代更新的结果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Atomic spectral analysis is a crucial elemental analysis method, widely used in environmental monitoring, geological exploration and other fields in China. As a typical representative of instrumental analysis, examining its development history can provide a reference for studying the development paths and directions of other instrumental analysis. After research and analysis, the development process is determined into five stages: the phenomenon stage of Newton spectrum and Fraunhofer dark line, the qualitative stage of Bunsen and Kirchhoff spectrum analyzer, the quantitative stage of Scheibe and Lomakin empirical formulas, the endless development stage of atomic spectral analysis and the innovative stage of iterative updating of atomic spectral analysis. Before the 1960s, atomic emission spectroscopy was the main method, followed by atomic absorption spectral analysis and atomic fluorescence spectral analysis, especially the inductively coupled plasma mass spectral analysis, which was born in the 1980s, developed into a generalized atomic spectral analysis method because of its unique advantages. After the birth of various analysis methods, with the development of sample pretreatment technology, hyphenated techniques, and excitation light sources, their detection targets, detection techniques, detection instruments, and detection results have respectively developed towards traceability, hyphenation, miniaturization, and refinement, expanding the research fields and becoming more universally applicable analytical methods. The development of atomic spectral analysis has experienced the transformation from phenomenon to essence, macro to micro, qualitative to quantitative, single to multiple, rough to precise, which is the result of exploration innovation and iterative updating of instrument technology by successive generations of scientists. |
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