| 吴泽波,刘丹,尹辉斌.化学通报,2025,88(1):64-72. |
| 甲醇液相重整制氢催化剂研究进展 |
| Research progress on catalysts for aqueous-phase reforming of methanol |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-10 修订日期：2024-10-13 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 甲醇 液相重整 APRM 制氢 催化剂 |
| 英文关键词:Methanol, Aqueous phase reforming, Hydrogen production, Catalyst |
| 基金项目:广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515140105,2023A1515110260)和广东省分布式能源系统重点实验室项目(2020B1212060075)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 甲醇具有来源丰富、含氢量高、常温下易存储等优点，利用甲醇与水进行重整制氢可以很好地解决氢气储运困难的问题。与甲醇蒸汽重整(Methanol Steam Reforming, MSR)相比，反应温度更低、H2纯度更高、设备更紧凑的甲醇液相重整(Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Methanol, APRM)更适于与燃料电池联用。介绍了APRM反应机理，对比了MSR和APRM优缺点，并重点对APRM催化剂研究进展进行了综述。APRM多相催化剂包括贵金属和非贵金属催化剂。其中，贵金属Pt基催化剂催化活性和稳定性高，但其价格昂贵。设计单原子Pt基催化剂、添加助剂等方法可以提高Pt的分散性，从而减少Pt的用量，降低成本。非贵金属Ni基催化剂活性和稳定性高，价格低廉，但其CO的选择性高。通过负载碱性载体，添加助剂金属等可以减少CO的生成。非贵金属Cu基催化剂活性高，价格低廉，但其稳定性差。通过设计合成包覆结构，或者构建强化学键等方式可提高其稳定性。均相催化剂活性高、反应条件温和、不产生CO，但其易于流失、分离困难的固有缺陷仍然无法避免。最后，展望了APRM催化剂的前景与挑战，对APRM技术的开发和应用有指导意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Methanol is a promising energy carrier owing to its rich resource, high hydrogen content, and easy storage. Compared with MSR, APRM is more suitable for combining with fuel cells. Introduced the reaction mechanism of APRM, compared the advantages and disadvantages of MSR and APRM, and mainly reviewed the research progress on APRM catalysts. Multiphase catalysts include noble and non-noble metal catalysts. Pt-based catalysts have high catalytic activity and stability but are expensive. Designing single-atom Pt-based catalysts and adding additives can improve the dispersion of Pt to reduce the cost. Ni-based catalysts have excellent performance, and low price, but high selectivity of CO. The loading of alkaline carriers and adding metal can reduce the generation of CO. Cu-based catalysts are highly active and inexpensive, but have poor stability. Cu can be restricted from aggregating by forming a cladding structure, or forming strong chemical bonds to improve its stability. Homogeneous catalysts are highly active at low temperatures and have no CO, but their inherent defects of easy loss and difficult separation remain unavoidable. Finally prospected the challenges of APRM catalysts, which are instructive for developing APRM. |
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