| 卢冰,李猛.化学通报,2025,88(4):457-463. |
| 钍元素概念的曲折发展及其对科学思想的影响 |
| The Tortuous Development of the Concept of the Element Thorium and Its Influence on Scientific Thought |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-03 修订日期：2025-01-27 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 钍元素 钍射线 钍同位素 放射化学 同位素化学 |
| 英文关键词:Thorium element, Thorium rays, Thorium isotopes, Radiochemistry, Isotope chemistry |
| 基金项目:河南师范大学2024年度教育科学研究基金项目(2023JK30)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 钍元素的发现及其概念的发展，不仅促进了放射化学的发展也引起了同位素化学的兴起。1828年，贝采利乌斯分析瑞典黑色矿石时意识到新元素的存在，提出钍元素假说；1914年，德克?莱利利用电解熔融钍盐的方法制备出高纯度钍金属，证实了钍元素的真实存在。1898年，玛丽?居里独立发现钍射线并提出放射性概念，奠定了放射化学的基础。1913年，索迪通过深入研究新钍氯化物的样品组分，提出同位素概念，同位素假说形成。总之，钍元素的发现及其概念的发展历程，既是化学元素发现史的重要内容，也是科学思想进步和科学方法发展的历史。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The discovery of the element thorium and the development of its concept not only promoted the development of radiochemistry but also caused the rise of isotope chemistry. 1828, Betzelius realized the existence of the new element when analyzing the black ores in Sweden, and put forward the hypothesis of thorium; in 1914, Dirk Riley used the electrolysis of molten thorium salts to prepare a high-purity thorium metal, confirming the real existence of thorium. In 1898, Marie Curie independently discovered thorium rays and proposed the concept of radioactivity, laying the foundation of radiochemistry. In 1913, Soddy through an in-depth study of the sample fractions of the new thorium chlorides, and the isotope hypothesis was formed. In short, the discovery of the element thorium and the development of its concept is both an important part of the history of the discovery of chemical elements and the history of the progress of scientific thought and the development of scientific method. |
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