| 黄 旭,戴 庆伟.化学通报,2023,86(1):34-41. |
| 回收废锂离子电池中贵金属元素的研究进展 |
| Reviews on Recovering Noble Metals from Waste Lithium-ion Batteries |
| 投稿时间：2022-04-03 修订日期：2022-05-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 湿法冶金 生物湿法 锂电池回收 火法冶金 |
| 英文关键词:Hydrometallurgy Biohydrometallurgy Lithium battery recycling Pyrometallurgy |
| 基金项目:重庆市高校创新研究群体项目(CXQT21030)、重庆市青年专家工作室和重庆英才计划项目(CQYC201905100)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着电力储能需求的激增,大量投入市场的锂离子电池在废弃时面临回收率低下的问题。废弃锂电池中锂、钴等贵金属作为战略性资源,存在短缺风险,对其提取并回收在减少环境污染的同时具有显著经济意义。湿法冶金工艺因其低能耗污染等优势,在回收锂电池贵金属的应用中投入广泛研究。本文在阐述锂电池结构的基础上,从浸出液、预处理等方面对工艺与机制进行深入分析,并简述以生物浸出液为主的生物湿法冶金作用机制与影响因素。此外,火法冶金技术在锂电池回收方面发展势头迅猛,文章归纳近期新兴工艺与回收机理。最后,总结现阶段工艺回收废锂离子电池中贵金属的局限,对未来技术升级进行展望,旨在促进贵金属回收进程,助力实现“双碳”目标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the surge in demand for electric energy storage, abundant lithium-ion batteries face the problem of low recycling rate when they are disposed. Lithium, cobalt and other noble metals in waste lithium batteries, as strategic resources, are at risk of shortage, and their extraction and recovery are of significant economic significance while reducing environmental pollution. Due to the advantages of low energy consumption and pollution, hydrometallurgy has put into extensive researches of the application of recovering noble metals from lithium batteries. On the basis of expounding the structure of lithium battery, this paper deeply analyzes the processes and mechanisms from the aspects of leaching solution and pretreatment, and briefly describes the mechanisms and influencing factors of biological hydrometallurgy dominated by biological leaching solution. In addition, pyrometallurgical technology is developing rapidly in the recovery of lithium batteries. This paper summarizes the recent emerging processes and recovery mechanisms. Finally, in order to promote the precious metal recycling process and help achieve the goal of "double carbon". the limitations of recycling precious metals from waste lithium-ion batteries at the present stage are summarized, and the future technology upgrading is prospected. |
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